Typography

What is typography?

Typography is different fonts and different type faces, point sizes and line length.

Typography came from the Greek word 'typos'.
People that produces typography are typesetters and  compositors, journalists, typographers, graphic designers, art directors, comic book artists and graffiti artists.

What are legibility and readability? 

Legibility refers to perception, it's a function of typeface design.

Readability is essentially the way in which the typeface is presented and it refers to compranhasion. 

Leading is the space between lines.

This is how leading works like. If we would not use leading while writing the text would just look messy and bad.

Tracking is the space between the letters forms.

There's an example of tracking. Some words has sometimes needs more to have more space between the letters just to be highlighted but when we continue writing it is important to keep the space between the letters the same. If we wouldn't do that the text would look bad and hard to read. 

no tracking applied - it's good when we use no tracking while writing normal texts without any points we don't want to highlight.

expanded tracking - I'd say I would probably use expended tracking while trying to actually highlight something like a title while writing an essay or something similar. 

condensed tracking - I'd use condensed tracking while writing somryhing

expanded manually 

Kerning is the process of adjusting the spacing between 1 or 2 characters.

That's the example of kerning. Kerning just shows us space between two letters. It's similar to tracking but it's just about two letter characters and the space between them. 

All of those types of typography have a really big role in typography world. If we would not use them, our texts would look bad and unreadable. It is especially important for essay's, CV's or any different important kinds of text. 

What are font families?  

Font families are selection of fonts that work well together and compliment each other. They also specify a list of similar and prioritized fonts and generic family names.

The example of font family:

Font families have two types

Serif  is the type of font that has those tiny little lines.
That kind of font is also more traditional and used in invitations or articles and by relevant institutions.
I usually work with Serif type of font because it's more suitable for me and I think it makes your work look more professional and special.

San serif doesn't have those lines (called serif) in its type. It's also more modern that just the simple Serif type. This kind of font is used in magazines for teenagers or TV news.

Poster Analysis Task

This poster is coloured with pastel and calm colours. By looking at it you feel calm and I think that's the message the designer wanted to show us. Every single thing on this picture gives different vibe while looking at it. The pink mountains look peaceful and calm and that's the first thing you look at while looking at the picture. The sky is grey-ish, blue and cloudy which gives the picture a scary and creepy mood. The water that's under mountains is also giving you those vibe but because there's a lot of blue used in the water it shows how deep it is and how makes the whole picture even more interesting. 

This picture is the one I saved from Pinterest. it shows a positive message and gives us positive vibe. The yellow colour in the background isn't the by mistake, because yellow is a happy colour and it reminds us of sun and happiness. The font used in this picture I think is script style of font. It's quite childish but it suits the picture very good.

Gestalt principals

Gestalt is a German word meaning shape or form. This theory was formed by three different German psychologists in the 1920's.

The theory is a psychology concept based on how the human brain reacts to visual perception/ different shapes and how we unconsciously group entities together based of the similarities. 

Types of Gestalt:

Proximity: The Gestalt law of proximity states that objects or shapes that are close to one another appears to be in one group. Even when the shapes are a bit different but they are still close to each other they still are in the same group.  

Clousure: Is when brain perceives forms and figures in their complete appearance despite the absence of one or more parts. 

Continuity: Explains how our brain experiences visual lines of elements that are grouped together.

Similarity: States things which share visual characteristics such as shapes, size, colour

Symmetry: Grouping law that states elements are symmetrical to each other tend to be perceived as a unified group.

Research

WHAT IS RESEARCH? 

• Research is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

There's two main types of research: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY 

- Primary research provides direct research that you've done yourself like if you've had a interview with someone.

- Secondary research involves the research that has already existed like looking through magazines, internet. 

There's also different kind of research like:

Quantitative and Qualitative collecting of objective numerical data, features are classified and counted, and statistical models are constructed to analyze and explain the information that has been gathered.

Observational that research is without interference or input from the researcher.

Basic, Applied and Developmental the purpose of this research basically tries to discover what is true, it can be called basic research.

Why is so research important and when are we researching? 

When we are working or something we want to be 100% sure that we know what we are talking about and that we are proving our point. We also wouldn't want to lie or tell not real things in our work so I'm sure that's why research is so important. We as always want to get our best work and not lies. I think it's good to do a big research and be sure about our work. 

WE use research in a lot of things. We are literally researching all the time by scrolling through facebook, Instagram, twitter or any different social media sites. Through research we can get a lot of new knowledge in any topics and it can help you to understand things better. If you are interested in any topics for example photography, music or anything else you can also find a lot of stuff to support your dreams and maybe find a way to actually do something with your hobby's.
Through research you can also get new skills in media. You can also learn how to express your bussines better and learn how to get more money from it.
You can also prove your point in researching for truth and lies in internet, sadly not everything you read on the internet is true. 
On internet or magazines you can find a lot of tips that will literally help you with everyday life, it doesn't matter if its about your CV at work, or if your sink broke, I'm sure by doing a good research you'd know everything you wanted to know.  

What have I used research for? 

As I said before we use research all the time and we do it all the time while we are not even thinking about it. 
I use research daily for example, when I need to find like recepies for stuff or i try to find something online.

Colour Theory & Colour Schemes

What is colour theory?


In the visual arts, colour theory is a body of practical guidance to colour mixing and the visual effects of a specific colour combination.


Meanings of different colour theory:

•  complimentary - two colours that are opposite on the colour wheel
•  analogis - three colours that are all next to each other
•  triadic - colours with equal distance apart ( shaped like a triangle at the colour wheel)
•  rectangle - four colours put into complementary pairs
•  square - four colours evenly spaced out into a square shape; best used it you let one clour dominant
•  tetradic - a special variant of dual colour scheme, there is no clear dominance of colour
•  monochromatic - different shades of the same colour

Key words/meanings of colours:

where are they used and why

•  white - light, innocence, purity, safety, godness, fresh
•  grey - dull, moody, glamourous, graceful
•  purple - calm, luxury, royalty, peace, mobility, spirituality
•  black - sadness, authority, power, classy, chromatic
•  yellow - happiness, bright, energetic, creative
•  green - nature, calm, freshness, life, ambition, healing 
•  pink - femine, sweet, girly, cute, playful, healthy, happy, compassion
•  red - sensual, passionate, strong, dangerous, love
•  blue - loyalty, intelligence, faith, trust, trustworthy



HISTORY

Sir Isaac Newton (1706) developed from the concept of refraction (light separating when it hit the prism). Later on he developed this into the colour wheel (often refered to as the 'Hue Wheel')

Jonathan Wolfgang von Goethe (poet) 1810 wanted to explore the perception of colours

“When the eye sees a colour it is immediately excited and it is its nature, spontaneously and of necessity, at one to produce another, which with the original colour, comprehends the whole chromatic scale. '' - his quote

Why do we use colour theory?
It is important while creating stuff like for architects for example. What would they do if there was nothing about colours? They have to know which colours suits each other the most and which looks the best together. Some people can tell that kind off stuff without anything like colour theory just cos they are talented in a way, but I'm sure colour theory is such an important thing in this kind of situation 

Colours are also importsant in daily basis, sometimes we don't even realise when we use it. When we buy clothes, we buy them as we like and how we thing they match each other, when we buy stuff to home we also look how it will look like all together.

Colours are also so important in Logos and brands. That's basically the first thing that we look at. for example why does facebook has a blue logo? Blue colour makes us feel safe and calm so we don't really worry about stuff that we post there and it just basically makes us feel safe there.

Who are Pantone and what they do?
Pantone is a limited liability company headquartered in New Jersey. They match colours used in specyfing printing links. Colour of the year 2019 was Living coral. A lot of companies actually made prooducts in that colour like Apple. Their new iPhone is in colour red which is really similar to the coral one.

What are HEX codes?

Hex codes are the numbers of colour that you see while choosing one on for example photoshoop.
It helps you to remember the colour you used to keep you work nice and clean :)

Viewfinder app

In this app you basically take a picture and it shows what colours  you can see the most. It's very simple to use and it's very helpful while working at photoshop.

There is two different websites we've used to play around with colours.